Molten Salt Thermal Storage and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2010-2016

Table of Contents

Molten Salt Solar Executive Summary

Molten Salt Storage of Solar Energy Executive Summary ES-1

Molten Salt Utility Scale Storage of Electricity From Solar Energy ES-1

Nanotechnology Promises To Be A Significant Aspect Of Solar

Storage Market Evolution ES-2

Global Demand For Cost-Effective And Reliable Solar Power ES-2

Molten Salt Solar Utility Scale Steam Turbine Market Shares ES-3

Molten Salt Solar Utility Scale Energy Market Forecast ES-5

Molten Salt Solar Market Description And Market Dynamics

1. Molten Salt Thermal Storage and 1-1

1.1 Molten Salt Stores Solar Energy As Heat 1-1

1.1.1 Using Mirrors To Concentrate Sun Energy 1-2

1.1.2 Compressing Air Or Pumping Water

Uphill To Store Sun’s Energy 1-3

1.1.3 Round-Trip Efficiency 1-3

1.2 Molten Salt As Solar Heat Battery 1-3

1.2.1 Salt Storage System Potential Issues 1-5

1.3 Utility-Scale Thermal Concentrating Solar 1-6

1.3.1 Climate Change Is Predicted To Raise Global Sea Levels 1-8

1.4 Nuclear Power Plants 1-9

1.4.1 Impact of Changing Water Supplies 1-10

1.5 Power Plans 1-11

1.6 Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) 1-12

1.6.1 Components Of A Concentrated Solar Power CSP System 1-13

1.6.2 Parabolic Trough 1-14

1.6.3 Parabolic Dish 1-15

1.6.4 Central Tower 1-17

1.6.5 Solar Furnace 1-19

1.6.6 Solar Radiation Types Of Receiver 1-20

1.7 Uses Of CSP Technology 1-21

1.8 Decentralised Generation 1-22

1.9 Solar Air Conditioning 1-23

1.9.1 Solar Air Conditioning Sorbent 1-23

1.9.2 Refrigerant Circulation Systems Differentiated Processes 1-24

1.10 Go Solar California 1-27

1.10.1 Power The World From Desert 1-27

1.11 Key Elements In A Solar Cell 1-28

1.11.1 Emcore Magnifies Solar Energy 1-30

1.11.2 CPV Utility Positioning 1-31

Molten Salt Solar Market Shares And Market Forecasts

2. Molten Salt Storage of Solar Energy Market

Shares and Market Forecasts -21

2.1 Molten Salt Utility Scale Storage of Electricity From Solar Energy 2-1

2.1.1 Nanotechnology Promises To Be A Significant

Aspect Of Solar Storage Market Evolution 2-2

2.1.2 Global Demand For Cost-Effective And Reliable Solar Power 2-2

2.2 Molten Salt Solar Utility Scale Steam Turbine Market Shares 2-3

2.2.1 Siemens’ Environmental Portfolio Revenue 2-7

2.3 Molten Salt Solar Utility Scale Energy Market Participants 2-10

2.3.1 United Technologies 2-10

2.3.2 Solar Reserve Partnered With United Technologies 2-11

2.3.3 United Technologies Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne 2-11

2.3.4 Abengoa Solar Commercial Operation of Solnova 3 2-12

2.3.5 Areva / Ausra 2-13

2.3.6 BrightSource Energy Ivanpah project 2-13

2.3.7 GE Energy 2-14

2.3.8 Schott Solar Utility-Scale Thermal Concentrating Solar 2-15

2.4 Molten Salt Solar Utility Scale Energy Market Forecast 2-16

2.5 Solar Steam Generators Market Forecast 2-19

2.5.1 Concentrating Linear Reflectors 2-22

2.5.2 Solar Thermal Molten Salt Storage Electricity Forecasts 2-22

2.6 Molten Salt Solar Storage Regional Analysis 2-29

Molten Salt Solar Product Description

3 Molten Salt Solar Storage and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) 1

3.1 Abengoa SA 1

3.1.1 Abengoa Solar Commercial Operation of Solnova 3 3

3.2 Areva / Ausra 8

3.2.1 Areva New Strategy 9

3.3 BrightSource Energy 10

3.3.1 Brightsource Energy $1.4 Billion In Loan Guarantees From U.S. Department Of Energy 11

3.3.2 BrightSource Energy Ivanpah Project 12

3.3.3 BrightSource Energy Luz Power Tower 550 (LPT 550)

Technology 14

3.3.4 Brightsource Energy Reduced Footprint

Mitigation For Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System 15

3.3.5 BrightSource Energy Mirrors 16

3.3.6 BrightSource Energy Heliostats 17

3.3.7 BrightSource Energy Heliostat Control System 19

3.3.8 BrightSource EnergyTower and Boiler 21

3.3.9 BrightSource Energy Power Block 23

3.4 United Technologies 24

3.4.1 United Technologies Hamilton Sundstrand Unit 25

3.4.2 United Technologies Hamilton Sundstrand 27

3.5 Solar Millennium Salts To Replace Oil In

Parabolic Trough Power Plants 29

3.6 SolarReserve Power Towers 30

3.6.1 Solar Thermal With Molten Salt Energy Storage:

SolarReserve Heads to Nevada 31

3.6.2 Solar Reserve Partnered With United Technologies 31

3.7 Siemens Energy Sector / Renewable Energy Division 33

3.7.1 Siemens Solar-Thermal Power Plant 33

3.7.2 Siemens Global Market Leader For Turbines In Solar Thermal Parabolic Trough Power Plants 34

3.7.3 Siemens Solar-Thermal Power Plant: Putting the Desert to Use 35

3.7.4 Siemens 123-MW Steam Turbine-Generator For

Solar Thermal Power Plant In California 36

3.7.5 Siemens Solar Efficiency 38

3.7.6 Siemens Next-Generation Solar UVAC Receiver

Increases Thermal Output Of Power Plants 39

3.8 Asahi Glass 42

3.8.1 Asahi Glass Flexible Solar Cells 42

3.9 GE 46

3.10 Hitachi 47

Molten Salt Solar Storage Technology

4. Molten Salt Thermal Storage and Concentrated

Solar Power (CSP) Technology 4-1

4.1 Molten Salt 4-1

4.1.1 Salt Storage System Potential Issues 4-2

4.2 Molten Salts Store Solar Energy As Heat 4-3

4.2.1 Salt System Efficient At Heat Storage 4-3

4.3 Parabolic Trough Thermal Energy Storage Technology 4-4

4.3.1 Parabolic Trough 4-5

4.3.2 Thermal Energy Storage Systems 4-6

4.3.3 Thermal Energy Storage System 4-7

4.3.4 Single-Tank Thermocline 4-8

4.3.5 Direct Molten-Salt Heat Transfer Fluid 4-9

4.4 Thermal Stability Of Imidazolium Salts 4-9

4.5 Concrete Thermal Energy Storage Media 4-10

4.5.1 Phase-Change Materials 4-11

4.6 Solar Cells Achieve Power Without Maintenance 4-13

4.6.1 Internal Electrostatic Field 4-14

4.6.2 Converting Sunlight to Electricity 4-14

4.7 Thin Film Material Layers 4-16

Molten Salt Solar Company Profiles

5. Molten Salt Solar Generated Electricity

Storage Company Profiles 5-1

5.1 Abengoa 5-1

5.1.1 Abengoa and Climate Change 5-2

5.2 Acciona Solar Power 5-10

5.3 Applied Materials 5-12

5.3.1 Applied Materials Segment Analysis 5-13

5.3.2 Applied Materials Silicon Segment 5-13

5.3.3 Applied Three-Dimensional (3D) ICs 5-15

5.3.4 Applied Materials Deposition 5-16

5.3.5 Applied Materials Atomic Layer Deposition 5-16

5.3.6 Applied Materials Chemical Vapor Deposition 5-17

5.3.7 Applied Materials Applied Producer CVD Platform 5-17

5.3.8 Applied Materials Low k Dielectric Films — 5-18

5.3.9 Applied Materials Lithography-Enabling Solutions 5-18

5.3.10 Applied Materials Gap Fill Films — 5-19

5.3.11 Applied Materials Strain Engineering Solutions 5-19

5.3.12 Applied Materials Epitaxial Deposition 5-20

5.3.13 Applied Materials Polysilicon Deposition — 5-20

5.3.14 Applied Materials Tungsten Deposition — 5-20

5.3.15 Applied Materials Physical Vapor Deposition 5-21

5.3.16 Applied Materials Etch 5-22

5.3.17 Applied Materials Rapid Thermal Processing 5-23

5.3.18 Applied Materials Chemical Mechanical Planarization 5-24

5.3.19 Applied Materials Metrology and Wafer Inspection 5-24

5.3.20 Applied Materials Critical Dimension and

Defect Review Scanning Electron Microscopes

(CD-SEMs and DR-SEMs) 5-24

5.3.21 Applied Materials Wafer Inspection 5-25

5.3.22 Applied Materials Mask Making 5-26

5.3.23 Applied Materials Display Segment 5-27

5.3.24 Applied Global Services Segment 5-27

5.3.25 Applied Materials Fab Services — 5-28

5.3.26 Applied Films Vacuum Coating Technologies 5-28

5.3.27 Applied Materials Energy and Environmental

Solutions Segment 5-28

5.4 Areva / Ausra 5-33

5.4.1 AREVA Leads Global Nuclear Power Industry 5-34

5.5 Asahi Glass Co Ltd 5-35

5.5.1 Asahi Glass Fuel Cell 5-37

5.5.2 Asahi Glass Fuel Cells Close To Practical Use 5-38

5.5.3 Asahi Glass Fuel Cells In Daily Life In 2010 5-39

5.5.4 Asahi Glass Chemicals Business as Core

Business to the AGC Group 5-39

5.5.5 Asahi Glass ETFE Film With High

Transparency And Flexibility 5-42

5.5.6 AGC Asahi GlassRevenue 5-43

5.5.7 Asahi Glass Revenue 5-49

5.6 Battelle 5-54

5.7 BrightSource Energy 5-54

5.7.1 BrightSource Energy $1.4 billion In Loan

Guarantees From The U.S. Department of Energy 5-55

5.7.2 BrightSource Energy Ivanpah Project: Clean Energy,

Union Jobs, Environmentally-Responsible Design 5-56

5.7.3 BrightSource Energy Luz Power Tower 550 (LPT 550)

Technology 5-57

5.7.4 Brightsource Energy $150 Million Of Equity

Financing 5-58

5.8 Corning 5-59

5.8.1 Corning Display Technologies Segment 5-59

5.8.2 Corning Revenue 5-61

5.8.3 Corning Display Technologies Segment 5-64

5.8.4 Corning Telecommunications Segment 5-65

5.8.5 Corning Environmental Technologies Segment 5-66

5.8.6 Corning Specialty Materials Segment 5-66

5.8.7 Corning Life Sciences Segment 5-67

5.9 Directed Vapor Technology 5-67

5.9.1 Directed Vapor Deposition Next Generation

Coating Technology 5-67

5.10 du Pont 5-69

5.10.1 DuPont 5-69

5.10.2 DuPont™ Kapton® 5-72

5.10.3 DuPont™ Kapton® Polyimide Films 5-72

5.10.4 DuPont Teonex 5-75

5.11 GE Energy 5-76

5.11.1 GE Steam Turbines to Boost Output,

Efficiency of Saudi Electricity Company’s Qurayyah Power Plant 5-76

5.11.2 GE Emissions Testing Team Becomes

Early Adopter of Future EPA Standards 5-78

5.11.3 GE Smart Grid Technologies Transform

Ireland’s Energy 5-78

5.12 Hitachi 5-79

5.12.1 Hitachi America 5-82

5.12.2 Hitachi America, Ltd. Focusing On Smart

Grid Energy Storage for Solar Farms 5-83

5.12.3 Hitachi Long Life Lead Acid Batteries 5-84

5.13 SCHOTT Solar 5-85

5.13.1 Schott Electronic Packaging Gmbh 5-89

5.13.2 Schott Ag Flat Glass 5-93

5.14 SEIA: 5-95

5.15 Siemens 5-95

5.15.1 Siemens Business Areas 5-97

5.15.2 Siemens Steam Turbine-Generator to England –

Delivery Scheduled In 13 Months 5-100

5.15.3 Siemens Energy Sector 5-102

5.15.4 Siemens Revenue 5-103

5.15.5 Siemens’ Worldwide Network 5-103

5.16 United Technologies / SolarReserve 5-105

5.16.1 United Technologies 5-106

5.16.2 United Technologies / Hamilton Sundstrand 5-109

5.16.3 Hamilton Sundstrand Technologically Advanced

Aerospace And Industrial Products 5-111

5.16.4 United Technologies Revenue 5-113

List of Tables and Figures

Molten Salt Solar Executive Summary

Table ES-1 ES-1

Solar Energy Molten Salt Storage Market Driving Forces

Figure ES-2 ES-4

Solar Power Steam Generator Market Shares, 2009

Figure ES-3 ES-6

Molten Salt Storage Receiver Market Forecasts Dollars,

Worldwide, 2010-2016

Molten Salt Solar Market Description And Market Dynamics

Figure 1-1 1-4

Molten Salt As Solar Heat Battery

Figure 1-2 1-12

Heliostat Sun Tracking Mirror

Table 1-3 1-13

Components Of A Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) System

Figure 1-4 1-14

Parabolic Trough Collectors Producing Superheated Steam

Figure 1-5 1-15

Solar Parabolic Dish With a Stirling Engine

Figure 1-6 1-17

Central Tower Installation Spain

Figure 1-7 1-19

Solar Furnace

Figure 1-8 1-21

Solar Chemical Reactor Under Solar Operation

Figure 1-9 1-25

Main Components Of The System At The University

Clinic Of Freiburg: Adsorption Refrigeration Machine

Figure 1-10 1-26

Solar Thermal System

Table 1-11 1-29

Key Elements In A Solar Cell

Table 1-12 1--30

Key Main Categories Of Technology In A Silicon Based Solar Cell

Molten Salt Solar Market Shares and Market Forecasts

Table 2-1 2-1

Solar Energy Molten Salt Storage Market Driving Forces

Figure 2-2 2-4

Solar Power Steam Generator Market Shares, 2009

Table 2-3 2-5

Solar Power Steam Generator Market Shares, 2009

Figure 2-4 2-6

Siemens Steam Turbine

Figure 2-5 2-9

Solar Collector Assembly

Figure 2-6 2-17

Molten Salt Storage Receiver Market Forecasts

Dollars, Worldwide, 2010-2016

Table 2-7 2-18

Solar Power Thermal Market Shipment Forecasts,

Molten Salt Storage Units and Dollars, Worldwide, 2010-2016

Table 2-8 2-19

Solar Power Thermal Market Shipment Forecasts,

Molten Salt Storage Units, Worldwide, 2010-2016

Table 2-9 2-21

Selected Steam Generator Vendors

Figure 2-10 2-23

Installed Concentrated Solar Energy Market Forecasts

Gigawatts, Worldwide, 2010-2016

Table 2-11 2-24

Solar Energy Concentrated Molten Salt Storage Installed

Megawatts Market Forecasts

Units and Dollars, Worldwide, 2010-2016

Table 2-12 2-25

Steam Generator Installed Base Units Market Forecasts

Units and Dollars, Worldwide, 2010-2016

Table 2-13 2-26

Advantages Of Steam Turbine Machines

Table 2-14 2-27

Disadvantages Of Steam Turbine Machines

Figure 2-15 2-30

Solar Steam Generator Regional Market Segments, 2009

Table 2-16 2-31

Solar Steam Generator Regional Market Segments, 2009

Figure 2-17 2-33

Solar Molten Salt Storage Regional Market Segments, 2016

Table 2-18 2-34

Solar Molten Salt Storage Regional Market Segments, 2016

Molten Salt Solar Product Description

Figure 3-1 3-2

Abengoa SA Solar Positioning

Figure 3-2 3-4

Abengoa SA Solar Parabolic Trough

Figure 3-3 3-5

Abengoa SA Solar Parabolic Trough ISCC

Figure 3-4 3-7

Abengoa SA Solar Parabolic Trough

Figure 3-5 3-8

Abengoa SA Solar Parabolic

Figure 3-6 3-16

BrightSource Energy Mirrors

Figure 3-7 3-17

BrightSource Energy Heliostats

Figure 3-8 3-19

BrightSource Energy Heliostat Control System

Table 3-9 3-20

BrightSource Energy Control System Functions

Table 3-10 3-21

BrightSource Energy Control System Conditions Controlled

Figure 3-11 3-22

BrightSource EnergyTower and Boiler

Figure 3-12 3-23

BrightSource Energy Power Block

Figure 3-13 3-26

Molten Salt As Solar Heat Battery

Figure 3-14 3-33

Siemens Solar-Thermal Power Plant: Putting the Desert to Use

Figure 3-15 3-34

Siemens Turbines for Solar Thermal Parabolic Trough

Table 3-16 3-40

Siemens CSP Solar Receiver (Universal Vacuum

Air Collector UVAC 2010) Features

Figure 3-17 3-44

Asahi Glass Solar Curve Factor

Figure 3-18 3-45

Asahi Glass Textured Finish To Solar Panel

Figure 3-19 3-46

GE10 MW Solar Park Caceres, Spain 2008

Molten Salt Solar Technology

Figure 4-1 4-5

Parabolic Trough Collectors Producing Superheated Steam

Table 4-2 4-6

Parabolic trough thermal energy storage technology

Table 4-3 4-12

Thermal Energy Transfers Technical Feasibility Of The

System To A Series Of Heat Exchangers

Molten Salt Solar Company Profiles

Figure 5-1 5-3

Abengoa International Presence

Figure 5-2 5-4

Abengoa Projects in Spain

Figure 5-3 5-5

Abengoa US Projects and Presence

Figure 5-4 5-6

Abengoa Algeria Projects and Presence

Figure 5-5 5-7

Abengoa Algeria Siting

Figure 5-6 5-8

Abengoa Moroco Projects and Presence

Figure 5-7 5-9

Abengoa Moroccan Firm ONE Projects

Table 5-8 5-11

ACCIONA Business Divisions

Figure 5-9 5-35

Asahi Glass Transparent Conductive Film Glass Substrates

Figure 5-10 5-38

Asahi Glass Fuel Cell

Figure 5-11 5-40

AGC Asahi Glass Ecoglass Sun Balance

Figure 5-12 5-41

AGC Asahi Glass Comparison Between Ordinary

Windshield and Coolverre

Figure 5-13 5-42

AGC Asahi Glass Effects of Coolverre

Figure 5-14 5-43

Asahi Glass Revenue

Figure 5-15 5-45

Asahi Glass Sales Ratios

Figure 5-16 5-47

AGC Asahi Glass New Glass Products

Figure 5-17 5-48

AGC Asahi Glass New Glass Products

Figure 5-18 5-49

Asahi Glass Segments

Figure 5-19 5-50

Asahi Glass Sales

Figure 5-20 5-51

Asahi Glass Performance Trends

Figure 5-21 5-52

Asahi Glass Growth Positioning

Figure 5-22 5-53

Asahi Glass Production Technologies

Figure 5-23 5-68

Directed Vapor Technology

Figure 5-24 5-70

DuPont Photovoltaic Encapsulant Functions

Figure 5-25 5-71

DuPont Photovoltaic Encapsulants

Table 5-26 5-73

DuPont Kapton® Features:

Table 5-27 5-74

DuPont Technical Data for Standard Kapton® Polyimide Film

Table 5-28 5-75

DuPont Teonex

Table 5-29 5-80

Hitachi Industrial Systems

Table 5-29 (Continued) 5-81

Hitachi Industrial Systems

Table 5-30 5-81

Hitachi Large Generator Positioning

Table 5-31 5-82

Hitachi Product Positioning

Figure 5-32 5-86

Schott Products Glass-to-Metal-Seals and Ceramic-to-Metal-Seals

Figure 5-33 5-87

Schott Automotive Glass

Figure 5-34 5-87

Schott Defense Seals

Figure 5-35 5-87

Schott Industry Special Products

Figure 5-35 (Continued) 5-88

Schott Industry Special Products

• Figure 5-35 (Continued) 5-89

Schott Industry Special Products

Table 5-36 5-90

Schott Electronic Packaging Product Benefits:

Figure 5-37 5-91

Schott A Flexible Glass Fiber Light Guides Transmit The Light

Figure 5-38 5-94

Schott Ultra thin Glass Flexible Substrates

Table 5-39 5-98

Siemens Business Areas

Table 5-40 5-99

Siemens Industrial Portals

Figure 5-41 5-100

Siemens Generator Turbine

Table 5-42 5-108

United Technologies Operating Segments